【English Culture Final Review】(Score:93)

1. 希腊文化根源来自哪两个文明,迈锡尼,克里特。

Minoan civilization on the island of Crete located in the Eastern Mediterranean.

Mycenaean civilization, heavily influenced by the earlier Minoan civilization.

2. 给潘多拉hermes,dinosos

Aphrodite: unparalleled beauty, grace, and desire

Hermes: cunning, deceiful mind, and a crafty tongue

Athena: clothed her and taught her to be deft with her hands

Poseidon: pearl necklace that would prevent her from drowning

Apollo: taught her to play the lyre and to sing

Zeus: a foolish, mischievous and idle nature

Hera: the wiliest gift, curiosity

Hermes gave a gilded and intricately carved box, a gift from Zeus with an explicit warning that she must never open it, come what may.

3. 酒神两随从

maenad和satyr

maenad satyr

酒神巴克斯的女祭司 和 半人半羊的森林之神

4. 三处女神

Hestia

Athena

Artemis

5. 大洪水幸存者

Deucalion: the son of Prometheus

Pyrrha: one of the fairest of the daughters of men

6. 普罗米修斯被谁绑在哪

Zeus

Caucasan Mountains

7. 大禹治水,天灾or神

disaster

8. 谁启发奥德修斯的木马

Athena

9. 潘多拉夫(后见之明)

Epimetheus

10. 古希腊神话来源

The Homeric epics: The Iliad and The Odyssey

The works of Hesiod: Theogony and Works and Days

Other literary works: Homeric Hymns and the works of the three treagedians - Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides

11. adonis纪念死亡。

"Adonis",是希腊神话中的一个角色。Adonis是美丽的青年,也是爱与美的象征。他是塞浦路斯的国王卡尼拉斯(Cyniras)和米尔顿(Myrrha)的儿子。根据传说,Adonis在狩猎时被野猪杀死,他的死亡被视为一种悲剧,成为了爱与美的象征。在希腊文化中,Adonis的死亡被视为一种纪念和悼念的象征,也象征着自然界的周期性变化。每年春天,人们会举行纪念Adonis的仪式,以表达对他的怀念和悼念。

Adonia(阿多尼斯节),也叫(Women's Festival,女性节)

12. 希腊三代神叫,泰坦之战意味。

Primordial gods: Chaos, Gaia, Uranus, Tartarus, Eros, Erebus, Nyx

Titan gods: 12titans (Crouns, Rhea...), Cyclopes*3, Hecatoncheires*3

Olympian gods: Zeus/Jupiter, Hera/Juno, Poseidon/Neptune, Demeter/Ceres, Athena/Minerva, Hephaestus/Vulcan, Aphrodite/Venus, Ares/Mars, Aretemis/Diana, Apollo/Apollo, Hermes/Mercury, Dionysus/Bacchus

Other major gods and goddesses not included in the roster of Olympians are: Hades/Pluto, Hestia/Vesta, Persephone/Proserpina, Prometheus

The Titanomachy: Cronus and the Titans, except Prometheus, Epimetheus, and Oceanus, fought to retain their power.

The Titanomachy lasted ten years and ended with the establishment of the Olympian gods as rulers over the heavens and earth.

Zeus released his siblings, so became the king of the gods.Thus, with the ending of the Tianomachy, a new age began.

意味着泰坦神族的衰落和奥林匹斯神族的崛起

This means the decline of the Titan gods and the rise of the Olympian gods.

13. 为何宙斯指婚爱神火神。

Hephaestus, who was thrown out of heaven at his birth because of his ugliness and deformities caused by his mother Hera. Later Hephaestus was welcomed into Mount Olympus and served as one of the twelve great Olympain deities, and he had made his mother to make Aphorodite his wife. Hera agreed, as did Zeus, regarding it as a final solution to prevent others frome their rivalry to possess Aphrodite.

14. 雅典娜与阿瑞斯区别。

首先,雅典娜是智慧、战略和文艺的女神。她是智慧女神宙斯的女儿,以聪明才智和战略思维而闻名。雅典娜代表智慧、智力、战略、艺术和文化,她是战争中的智者,也是智慧与技艺的守护神。她通常被描绘为穿着全副武装、手持盾牌和长矛的女战士。

相比之下,阿瑞斯是战争、暴力和冲动的神祇。他是宙斯和赫拉的儿子,代表战争、血腥和冲动。阿瑞斯是战争的化身,他常常被描绘为一个强壮、凶狠的战士,手持武器,充满战斗的狂热。

Athena is the goddess of wisdom, strategy, and the arts. She is the daughter of Zeus, the god of wisdom, and is known for her intelligence and strategic thinking. Athena represents wisdom, intellect, strategy, art, and culture. She is the wise one in times of war and the guardian of wisdom and skills. She is often depicted as a fully armed female warrior, holding a shield and a spear.

In contrast, Ares is the god of war, violence, and impulsiveness. He is the son of Zeus and Hera and represents war, bloodshed, and impulsiveness. Ares is the embodiment of war and is often depicted as a strong and fierce warrior, wielding weapons and filled with the frenzy of battle.

As the goddess of war, wisdome, crafts, and skills, Athena was held in high regard by both mortals and immortals alike. Athena was not bloodthirsty as Ares and would rather have peace than war, yet during those times in battle she proved herself to be an invincible strategist to dominate the field.

15. 凡人挑战神领域遭惩罚为什么(我不会,求解)

找到慕课上一道题,可能有关

Which of the following quality do Greek goddesses possess?

They look like humans with personal flaws and negative emotions.

They are vulnerable to human faults and passions.

They have immortality and superpower.

Athena和Arachne的故事:Arachne是一位非常出色的织工,她自负地声称自己的织工技艺超过了神灵Athena。Athena听到这个消息后,变成老妇人的形象前来挑战Arachne。两人展开了一场织工比赛,结果Arachne的织工技艺确实非常出色,甚至超过了Athena。然而,Arachne的织品中描绘了一些冒犯神灵的场景,这激怒了Athena。Athena对Arachne施加了惩罚,将她变成了一只蜘蛛,永远织网

The Story of Athena and Arachne: Arachne was an exceptionally talented weaver who arrogantly claimed that her weaving skills surpassed those of the goddess Athena. Upon hearing this news, Athena disguised herself as an old woman and came to challenge Arachne. The two engaged in a weaving competition, and indeed, Arachne's weaving skills were remarkable, even surpassing Athena's. However, Arachne's tapestry depicted scenes that offended the gods, which angered Athena. As a punishment, Athena transformed Arachne into a spider, destined to weave webs forever.

普罗米修斯是一个泰坦神族的成员,他为人类带来了火种,使他们能够照明、取暖和烹饪食物。这个举动让人类的生活变得更加便利和舒适。然而,众神对人类使用火种感到愤怒,因为他们认为人类不应该拥有这种力量。为了惩罚人类和普罗米修斯的胆大妄为,宙斯决定给人类带来灾难,派遣了一场大洪水来摧毁人类。这场大洪水被认为是对人类的惩罚,它的目的是清除人类的罪恶行为,重新开始。只有诺亚和他的家人幸存下来,他们被认为是唯一值得幸存的人类。这个故事在希腊神话中是一个象征性的警示,告诉人们不要挑战神的权威,否则将面临严厉的惩罚。它也强调了人类与神的权力和地位之间的差异。

Prometheus is a member of the Titan gods. He brought fire to humanity, enabling them to have illumination, warmth, and cook food. This act made human life more convenient and comfortable. However, the gods were angry at humans for using fire, as they believed that humans should not possess such power. In order to punish humans and Prometheus for their audacity, Zeus decided to bring disaster upon humanity and sent a great flood to destroy them. This flood was seen as a punishment for humanity, with the intention of cleansing their sinful behavior and starting anew. Only Noah and his family survived, and they were considered the only deserving humans to survive. This story in Greek mythology serves as a symbolic warning, reminding people not to challenge the authority of the gods, or else they will face severe punishment. It also emphasizes the difference in power and status between humans and gods.

特洛伊木马

受雅典娜的启发,奥德修斯设计了特洛伊木马的计策。一只装满希腊士兵的木马被放置在特洛伊的城门口。希腊人散布谣言,声称他们要放弃并返回家园,而这只木马是送给特洛伊人的礼物。特洛伊人上当了,他们把木马带进了城里。夜幕降临时,希腊士兵出来,洗劫了特洛伊。城市沦陷后,对特洛伊人犯下了许多残忍和野蛮的行为。由于他们所犯下的罪行,希腊人受到了众神的严厉惩罚。

The Trojan Horse

Inspired by Athena, Odysseus contrived (发明) the stratagem (计) of the TrojanHorse.A wooden horse filled with Greeksoldiers was placed at the gate ofTroy.TheGreeks then went around spreading therumor that they would give up and sailhome, and that the horse was intended as agift for the Trojans.The Trojans were takenin, and they brought the horse inside thecity.When night fell, the Greek soldierscame out and sacked Troy. Much crueltyand savagery were committed against theTrojans after the city fell. For the crimesthey committed, the Greeks were punishedseverely by the gods.

16. 潘多拉之盒放了什么

All the plagues and sorrows known to humanity were released once Pandora opened the box. Old Age, Sickness, Insanity, Pestilence, Vice, Passion, Greed, Crime, Death, Theft, Lies, Jealousy, Famine, the list went on and on... every evil, that until then had been trapped inside the gift from the gods, was now loosed upon the earth.

Hope, which was the only thing that had sustained humanity in times of sorrow, pain, and misery.

17. Deucalion and Pyrrha洪水后向谁求助

洪水前:Prometheus给提示,要修船

洪水后:遇到了Hermes,他问两人想要什么,两人说要to see this land full of people once more; for without neighbors and friends, the world is a very lonely place indeed.然后Hermes说把你妈的骨头从你肩膀身后丢了吧他们仔细一想,你妈的骨头是你马的什么东西哦哦,是地球,然后丢石头

18. 各神有什么动物代表

Zeus/Jupiter: Eagle

Hera/Juno: Peacock

Poseidon/Neptune: Horse and Bull

Athena/Minerva: Owl

Hephaestus/Vulcan: Donkey

Aphrodite/Venus: Dove

Ares/Mars: Wild Boar, Dog and Vulture

Aretemis/Diana: Deer and Swan

Apollo/Apollo: Dolphin

Hermes/Mercury: Snake

Dionysus/Bacchus: Goat and Leopard

19. 赫拉如何报复宙斯不忠

She punished Zeus’ lovers blindly in the name of justice.

She punished Zeus’ children and ruthlessly in the name of justice.

She made vengeful yet unstoppable schemes throughout her life.

大题

20. 阿克琉斯主要英雄事迹,结局

Achilles, the Greek hero of legend, was known for his bravery and victories in battle. Born to Peleus and the sea nymph Thetis, he was raised by the centaur Chiron, who honed his combat skills. Achilles played a pivotal role in the Trojan War, fighting alongside the Greeks against the Trojans.

阿喀琉斯,希腊传说中的英雄,因其勇敢和战斗的胜利而闻名。他是由凡人佩勒乌斯和海神女儿忒提斯所生,由半人半马的凯龙抚养,锤炼了他的战斗技巧。阿喀琉斯在特洛伊战争中发挥了关键作用,与希腊人一起对抗特洛伊人。

His most notable achievement was slaying Hector, the Trojan prince, in a fit of rage after his friend Patroclus was killed. Achilles challenged Hector to single combat and emerged victorious, dragging his lifeless body around Troy's walls.

他最著名的成就是在他的朋友帕特洛克洛斯被杀后,因愤怒而杀死了特洛伊王子赫克托尔。阿喀琉斯挑战赫克托尔进行单挑并获胜,将他无生命的身体拖拽在特洛伊城墙周围。

However, Achilles' fate was sealed by a tragic prophecy. It predicted his death in battle, forcing him to choose between a long life of obscurity or a short life of glory. Achilles chose the latter, knowing his name would be remembered.

然而,阿喀琉斯的命运被一条悲剧性的预言所束缚。预言预言他将在战斗中丧生,迫使他在长时间的默默无闻生活和短暂的荣耀生活之间做出选择。阿喀琉斯选择了后者,知道他的名字将被记住。

During the Trojan War, Achilles was struck in the heel, his only vulnerable spot, by a fatal arrow. The wound proved lethal, and he met his end. His death was mourned by Greeks and Trojans alike.

在特洛伊战争期间,阿喀琉斯的脚后跟被一支致命的箭射中,这是他唯一的弱点。伤口证明是致命的,他最终丧生。他的死亡受到希腊人和特洛伊人的哀悼。

Achilles' legacy endures as a symbol of heroism and tragic destiny. His name represents both invincibility and vulnerability. Though his life was cut short, his deeds and courage continue to inspire generations.

阿喀琉斯的遗产作为英勇和悲剧命运的象征而延续至今。他的名字代表着无敌和脆弱。尽管他的生命被截断,但他的事迹和勇气仍然激励着世代人。

阿克琉斯:在特洛伊战争中阿喀琉斯的挚友帕特罗克洛斯不忍见己方士兵死伤惨重,穿上阿喀琉斯的铠甲,假扮成他的模样出战,情势曾一度逆转,最后他却被特洛伊主将赫刻托耳王子所杀,这才激发了阿喀琉斯的战意。为了复仇参战后他作战勇猛无比,最后赫刻托耳也死于阿喀琉斯枪下。最终在阿波罗的指引下,特洛伊王子帕里斯将毒箭射进他的脚踝,因此死去

Achilles: In the Trojan War, Achilles' dear friend Patroclus couldn't bear to see their own soldiers suffer heavy casualties. He put on Achilles' armor and disguised himself as him to join the battle, and the situation momentarily turned around. However, he was eventually killed by Hector, the Trojan prince. This ignited Achilles' fighting spirit for revenge. He fought bravely in the war and ultimately killed Hector with his spear. In the end, guided by Apollo, Paris, the Trojan prince, shot a poisoned arrow into Achilles' ankle, causing his death.

21. 奥德修斯主要英雄事迹,结局

Odysseus, the legendary hero of ancient Greece, is best known for his cunning and resourcefulness. He played a crucial role in the Trojan War and embarked on a long and treacherous journey back to his homeland, Ithaca.

奥德修斯是古希腊的传奇英雄,以他的狡诈和机智而闻名。他在特洛伊战争中扮演了至关重要的角色,然后踏上了一段漫长而危险的回到故乡伊萨卡的旅程。

After the fall of Troy, Odysseus faced numerous challenges on his way home. He encountered the Cyclops, whom he outsmarted by blinding him. He narrowly escaped the enchanting songs of the Sirens by having his crew plug their ears and tie him to the mast. He also navigated past the treacherous whirlpool Charybdis and the deadly sea monster Scylla.

特洛伊陷落后,奥德修斯在回家的路上面临了许多挑战。他遇到了独眼巨人波吕斐摩斯,通过使其失明而智胜。他通过让船员堵住耳朵并将自己绑在桅杆上,险些逃脱了塞壬迷人的歌声。他还成功地穿越了危险的涡流卡吕布迪斯和致命的海怪斯库拉。

Despite being away for twenty years, Odysseus remained determined to return to his home. Upon reaching Ithaca, he disguised himself as a beggar and devised a plan to defeat the suitors who were vying for Penelope's hand in marriage.

尽管离开了二十年(回家用了十年),奥德修斯仍然决心回到他的家。到达伊萨卡后,他伪装成一个乞丐,制定了一个计划来击败那些争夺佩内洛普婚姻的追求者。

With the help of his son, Odysseus revealed his true identity and slaughtered the suitors. He was finally reunited with Penelope, and his kingdom was restored to him.

在儿子和忠诚的帮助下,奥德修斯揭示了自己的真实身份,并屠杀了追求者们。他最终与佩内洛普团聚,王国也重新归他所有。

Odysseus' story is one of resilience, wit, and the longing for home. His journey serves as a metaphor for the trials and tribulations we face in life, and his ultimate triumph represents the rewards of perseverance and determination.

奥德修斯的故事展现了坚韧、机智和对家的渴望。他的旅程象征着我们在生活中所面临的艰难考验,而他最终的胜利则代表了坚持和决心的回报。

奥德修斯:在雅典娜的指引下,策划了木马计,率领希腊士兵在夜间偷袭特洛伊城,里应外合,使之陷落。在战争结束后。经历了在海上了重重困难,最终回到了家乡,与妻子团聚,重夺了王位。

Odysseus: Guided by Athena, he planned the Trojan Horse strategy and led the Greek soldiers to launch a surprise attack on the city of Troy at night, both inside and outside, causing its downfall. After the war ended, he encountered numerous difficulties at sea and eventually returned to his homeland, reunited with his wife, and reclaimed his throne.

22. 特洛伊之战起因后果。

The Trojan War is a legendary conflict in Greek mythology that lasted for ten years. It was triggered by the abduction of Helen, the wife of Menelaus, by Paris, a prince of Troy. The war had far-reaching consequences for both the Greeks and the Trojans.

特洛伊战争是希腊神话中的一场传奇冲突,持续了十年。它起因于特洛伊王子巴黎绑架了梅涅劳斯的妻子海伦。这场战争对希腊人和特洛伊人都产生了深远的影响。

For the Greeks, the war brought together powerful city-states under the leadership of Agamemnon. It showcased the bravery of legendary warriors like Achilles and Odysseus. However, it also revealed the darker aspects of human nature, such as betrayal and tragedy.

对于希腊人来说,这场战争使强大的城邦在阿伽门农的领导下团结起来。它展示了阿喀琉斯和奥德修斯等传奇战士的勇敢。然而,它也揭示了人性的阴暗面,如背叛和悲剧。

The Trojans suffered greatly during the war. Their city was besieged for a decade, resulting in its eventual downfall. The war had lasting effects on Trojan heroes like Hector and Priam, whose stories were marked by tragedy and loss.

特洛伊人在战争中遭受了巨大的破坏和损失。他们的城市被围困了十年,最终被攻破。战争对特洛伊的英雄,如赫克托尔和普里阿摩斯,产生了持久的影响,他们的命运被卷入了这场冲突。

The Trojan War had a profound impact on Greek mythology and literature. It became a central theme in works like Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, exploring concepts of honor, heroism, and the consequences of war.

特洛伊战争对希腊神话和文学产生了深远影响。它成为荷马的《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》等作品的核心主题,探讨了荣耀、英勇和战争后果等概念。

In conclusion, the Trojan War was a significant event in Greek mythology that had profound effects on the Greeks and the Trojans. It shaped the cultural and literary traditions of ancient Greece and continues to be a captivating story in modern times.

总而言之,特洛伊战争是希腊神话中的重要事件,对希腊人和特洛伊人产生了深远影响。它塑造了古希腊的文化和文学传统,并在现代仍然是一个引人入胜的故事。

三女神的金苹果之争,让特洛伊王子帕里斯拐走了斯巴达国王的妻子海伦,引发了希腊诸城邦对特洛伊的联合进攻。

这战争持续了十年,最终在木马计之下陷落,特洛伊城被攻下以及洗劫。

The dispute over the golden apple of the three goddesses led Prince Paris of Troy to abduct Helen, the wife of the King of Sparta, triggering a united attack by the Greek city-states against Troy.

This war lasted for ten years and ultimately ended with the fall and plundering of the city of Troy, under the guise of the Trojan Horse.

PS: 前年的大题是奥德修斯得事迹体现了他的什么英雄本色;还有就是潘多拉打开盒子体现出女性什么特点结合希腊神话说一下

23. 人神关系

希腊神话中的人神关系是一个充满神秘和想象力的主题。在希腊神话中,神与人之间的互动是非常频繁的,而这种互动往往影响着人类的命运和世界的发展。

The theme of the relationship between gods and humans in Greek mythology is one filled with mystery and imagination. In Greek mythology, the interaction between gods and humans is frequent and often influences the fate of humanity and the development of the world.

神在希腊神话中被描绘为超凡脱俗的存在,他们拥有超越人类的力量和智慧。然而,他们也被赋予了与人类相似的情感和欲望。神们常常在人间扮演着各种角色,与人类相遇、相爱、相争。

Gods are depicted as extraordinary beings in Greek mythology, possessing powers and wisdom beyond that of humans. However, they are also endowed with emotions and desires similar to humans. Gods often play various roles in the mortal realm, encountering, loving, and conflicting with humans.

人类对神的崇拜和敬畏贯穿着整个希腊神话。人们会向神祈求保佑,祈求神的庇护和指引。神也会对人类的行为作出回应,有时是帮助,有时是惩罚。这种相互作用使人们相信,神与人之间存在着某种联系和交流。

The worship and awe of gods by humans permeate throughout Greek mythology. People seek blessings from gods, praying for their protection and guidance. Gods, in turn, respond to human actions, sometimes offering help, and at times, delivering punishment. This interaction leads people to believe that there is a connection and communication between gods and humans.

然而,希腊神话中的人神关系并非一成不变。人类不仅仅是神的玩物,他们也有自己的意志和选择。有时,人类甚至能够挑战神的权威,改变自己的命运。这种人类对神的自主性和勇气的追求,使希腊神话中的人神关系更加丰富多样。

However, the relationship between gods and humans in Greek mythology is not static. Humans are not mere playthings of the gods; they possess their own will and choices. At times, humans can even challenge the authority of gods and alter their own destinies. This pursuit of autonomy and courage by humans challenges the notion of the divine in Greek mythology, making the relationship between gods and humans more diverse and complex.

总的来说,希腊神话中的人神关系是一个充满戏剧性和启示的主题。它揭示了人类对神的崇拜和渴望,也展示了人类对自由意志和命运的探索。希腊神话中的人神关系不仅仅是一个古老的神话,它也反映了人类对于自身与神的关系的思考和追求。

In summary, the relationship between gods and humans in Greek mythology is a theme filled with drama and enlightenment. It reveals humanity's worship and longing for the divine while showcasing their exploration of free will and destiny. The relationship between gods and humans in Greek mythology is not just an ancient myth; it also reflects humanity's contemplation and pursuit of their own relationship with the divine.

24. 潘多拉盒放出的Hope代表什么

潘多拉的盒子的主题和希望的释放代表了在逆境中乐观和坚韧的持久力。在希腊神话中,潘多拉得到了一个盒子,里面装着世界上的所有邪恶,并被告诫不要打开。然而,她的好奇心战胜了她,她打开了盒子,释放出了所有的邪恶。作为最后一个离开盒子的东西,希望出现了,给人类带来了安慰和慰藉。

The theme of Pandora's Box and the release of Hope represents the enduring power of optimism and resilience in the face of adversity. In Greek mythology, Pandora was given a box containing all the evils of the world and was warned not to open it. However, her curiosity got the better of her, and she opened the box, releasing all the evils into the world. As the last thing to leave the box, Hope emerged, bringing comfort and solace to humanity.

希望代表着即使在最黑暗的时刻,也有一丝光明和积极变化的可能性。它象征着人类精神的坚韧和在面对挑战时寻找力量和勇气的能力。希望激励人们坚持不懈,为更美好的未来而努力,并相信救赎和重生的可能性。

Hope represents the belief that even in the darkest of times, there is a glimmer of light and the potential for positive change. It symbolizes the resilience of the human spirit and the ability to find strength and courage in the face of challenges. Hope inspires people to persevere, to keep striving for a better future, and to believe in the possibility of redemption and renewal.

潘多拉的盒子作为一个警示故事,提醒我们行为的后果。它教导我们好奇心既可以产生积极的结果,也可以产生负面的后果,但它也强调了希望的转化力量。尽管邪恶被释放出来,希望依然存在,提醒我们即使在最严峻的环境中,总有一个更美好的明天的机会。

Pandora's Box serves as a cautionary tale, reminding us of the consequences of our actions. It teaches us that curiosity can have both positive and negative outcomes, but it also highlights the transformative power of Hope. Despite the evils that were unleashed, Hope remained, reminding us that even in the most dire circumstances, there is always a chance for a brighter tomorrow.

总之,潘多拉的盒子的主题和希望的释放象征着不可征服的人类精神和对更美好未来的信念。它教导我们在逆境中坚韧和乐观的重要性,提醒我们即使在最黑暗的时刻,希望可以引导我们走向更光明的明天。

In summary, the theme of Pandora's Box and the release of Hope symbolizes the indomitable human spirit and the belief in a better future. It teaches us the importance of resilience and optimism in the face of adversity, reminding us that even in the darkest times, Hope can guide us towards a brighter tomorrow.

25. 潘多拉有错吗,会不会责怪她

潘多拉的故事中,她被赋予了一个盒子,里面装满了世界上的邪恶。尽管她被告诫不要打开盒子,但她的好奇心使她无法抵挡诱惑,最终打开了盒子,释放了邪恶。然而,我们是否应该责怪潘多拉呢?

In the story of Pandora, she was given a box filled with the world's evils. Despite being warned not to open it, her curiosity got the better of her, and she ultimately opened the box, releasing the evils. But should we blame Pandora?

责怪潘多拉似乎是一种直觉反应,因为她的行为导致了灾难的发生。然而,我们也必须认识到,潘多拉是一个人类,她也有自己的弱点和错误。她的好奇心和冲动性使她违背了警告,但这并不意味着她应该承担所有的责任。

Blaming Pandora may seem like an instinctive response, as her actions led to the disaster. However, we must also recognize that Pandora was human, with her own weaknesses and flaws. Her curiosity and impulsiveness led her to defy the warning, but that doesn't mean she should bear all the responsibility.

潘多拉的故事也可以被视为人性的象征。她的行为提醒我们,人类往往会受到诱惑和错误的引导。我们每个人都有犯错的时候,但这并不意味着我们应该被永远责怪或定罪。相反,我们应该从错误中学习,成长并改正自己的行为。

The story of Pandora can also be seen as a symbol of human nature. Her actions serve as a reminder that humans are often tempted and led astray by mistakes. We all make mistakes, but that doesn't mean we should be forever blamed or condemned. Instead, we should learn from our mistakes, grow, and correct our behavior.

责怪潘多拉并不解决问题,因为她的行为已经发生了,后悔也无法改变过去。相反,我们应该把焦点放在如何应对后果和恢复的道路上。我们可以从中学到许多重要的教训,例如控制自己的冲动、尊重警告和承担自己的行为后果。

Blaming Pandora doesn't solve the problem because her actions have already occurred, and regret cannot change the past. Instead, we should focus on how to deal with the consequences and the path to recovery. We can learn many important lessons from this, such as controlling our impulses, respecting warnings, and taking responsibility for our actions.

因此,尽管潘多拉的行为可能会引发灾难,但我们不应该完全责怪她。相反,我们应该利用这个故事来反思自己的行为,并努力避免重复类似的错误。我们每个人都有责任为自己的行为负责,并从中汲取教训,以成为更好的人。

Therefore, while Pandora's actions may have caused a disaster, we should not solely blame her. Instead, we should use this story as a reflection of our own behavior and strive to avoid repeating similar mistakes. We each have a responsibility to be accountable for our actions and learn from them to become better individuals.

26. 慕课大题

Please use at least one example to illustrate how theory explains your chosen myth(s).

There are a lot of brand names from Greek mythology. Some are mentioned in the lecture. Please find more examples in our life and share the stories behind them in this forum.

There are certain modern significances in each of the three main gods. How would you apply these ideas to understand current cultural phenomenon?

Please share your understanding of one of the major goddesses.

What qualities do all heroes in Greek mythology have? In what way do heroes in Chinese mythology differ from heroes in Greek mythology?

What are the similarities and differences between the dragons in Greek mythology and Chinese mythology?

“后羿射日”is another story about fire in Chinese myths. What does this story tell us about human-nature relationship? Does it challenge any of the claims in the lecture? What does the challenge caution us about interpreting a story or a text?

1. What is the image of God as the creator in the Bible? How is it different from the other creation stories, such as the Greek myth and Chinese myth?

2. What is the original sin? If God didn’t want people to eat the fruit from the tree of knowledge, he might not place it in the Garden of Eden, then nothing would happen. But God did place the tree in Eden. Why did he do so?

Discuss in your own words how flood contributed to the different themes in these two flood stories.

范围

Word List

externalistic / internalistic

外/内在主义

etiological

adj. 病因;病原学的

ritual

n. 仪式;(尤指)宗教仪式;习惯;礼节

adj. 习惯的;仪式上的;庆典的;例行公事的;老套的

charter

n.(说明某部分民众应有权利的)宪章;(表明某一组织之宗旨和原则的)章程;(飞机、船等的)租赁;特权,豁免权 ;契据,证书(尤指财产转让证书) ;(统治者或政府准许成立新的组织、城镇、大学等并授予某种权利的)特许状,许可证,凭照;(法律或政策的)不完善,漏洞,缺陷;(官方的)共同纲领;包租的船、飞机等;

vt. 包租(飞机、船等);给予…特权,准许;特许设立;给予…特权;发给许可证(或凭照);订约租(船);

adj. (飞机或船只)包租的,包用的;根据特许状办理(或设立)的;乘租用车辆(或飞机等)的;

manifest

vt. 表明;显示;显现;清楚显示(尤指情感、态度或品质);使人注意到;

adj. 明显的;

n. (船或飞机的)货单;旅客名单;

juxtaposes

v. (尤指为对比或表明其关系而)把…并置,把…并列;

omnipotent and omniscient

全知和全能

handicraft

n. 手工艺品;手工艺

benefactor

n. 恩人

benevolent

adj. 仁慈的;慈善的;乐善好施的;用于慈善机构名称;

pitted

adj. 坑坑洼洼的;去核的;表面有小点(或小洞)的;

v. 使…表面有斑点;在…上打洞;

astrological

adj.占星术的;占星学的;

covenant

n. 盟约 / 协约 / 圣约 / 盖印合同

v. 订立盟约 / <英>通过签订盖印合同定期给

descendant

n. 子孙 / 后裔 / 后继型产品

containment

n. 控制 / 抑制 / 包含 / 牵制

transgression

n. 过失 / 罪过

Atheists

n. 无神论者

crucifixion

n. <史>钉死于十字架 / 刑罚 / 苦难

exploits

v. 利用(…为自己谋利);剥削;发挥;运用;压榨

n. 功绩,业绩;壮举(exploit 的复数)

revelry

n. 狂欢作乐 / 纵酒狂欢

Mooc

Unit 1

Mythology is a collect of stories. It can also refer to the study of stories.

  • A.True

All theories that study nature fall into externalistic theories.

  • A.True

Etiological theory, ritual theory, charter theory, and nature myth theory are externalistic theories.

因果论、仪式论、特权论和自然神话论是外在主义理论。

  • A.True

Freudian theory offers a valid explanation of the tragedies in Oedipus.

弗洛伊德的理论对于奥狄浦斯的悲剧提供了一个有效的解释。

  • A.True

The story of Daedalus and his son Icarus manifests the universal human desires to explore the unknown.

达达罗斯和他的儿子伊卡洛斯的故事展现了人类探索未知的普遍愿望。

  • A.True

Structuralism juxtaposes opposites side by side but only focuses on one of them.

结构主义将对立的事物并置在一起,但只关注其中的一个。

  • A.True

Archetype is a stereotype after which other similar things of the same character, situations, or events are patterned.

原型是一种模式,其他相似的事物、情境或事件都以此为蓝本。

  • B.False

受雅典娜的启发,奥德修斯设计了特洛伊木马的计策。一只装满希腊士兵的木马被放置在特洛伊的城门口。希腊人散布谣言,声称他们要放弃并返回家园,而这只木马是送给特洛伊人的礼物。特洛伊人上当了,他们把木马带进了城里。夜幕降临时,希腊士兵出来,洗劫了特洛伊。城市沦陷后,对特洛伊人犯下了许多残忍和野蛮的行为。由于他们所犯下的罪行,希腊人受到了众神的严厉惩罚。

The Trojan Horse

Inspired by Athena, Odysseus contrived (发明) the stratagem (计) of the TrojanHorse.A wooden horse filled with Greeksoldiers was placed at the gate ofTroy.TheGreeks then went around spreading therumor that they would give up and sailhome, and that the horse was intended as agift for the Trojans.The Trojans were takenin, and they brought the horse inside thecity.When night fell, the Greek soldierscame out and sacked Troy. Much crueltyand savagery were committed against theTrojans after the city fell. For the crimesthey committed, the Greeks were punishedseverely by the gods.

16. 潘多拉之盒放了什么

All the plagues and sorrows known to humanity were released once Pandora opened the box. Old Age, Sickness, Insanity, Pestilence, Vice, Passion, Greed, Crime, Death, Theft, Lies, Jealousy, Famine, the list went on and on... every evil, that until then had been trapped inside the gift from the gods, was now loosed upon the earth.

Hope, which was the only thing that had sustained humanity in times of sorrow, pain, and misery.

17. Deucalion and Pyrrha洪水后向谁求助

洪水前:Prometheus给提示,要修船

洪水后:遇到了Hermes,他问两人想要什么,两人说要to see this land full of people once more; for without neighbors and friends, the world is a very lonely place indeed.然后Hermes说把你妈的骨头从你肩膀身后丢了吧他们仔细一想,你妈的骨头是你马的什么东西哦哦,是地球,然后丢石头

18. 各神有什么动物代表

Zeus/Jupiter: Eagle

Hera/Juno: Peacock

Poseidon/Neptune: Horse and Bull

Athena/Minerva: Owl

Hephaestus/Vulcan: Donkey

Aphrodite/Venus: Dove

Ares/Mars: Wild Boar, Dog and Vulture

Aretemis/Diana: Deer and Swan

Apollo/Apollo: Dolphin

Hermes/Mercury: Snake

Dionysus/Bacchus: Goat and Leopard

19. 赫拉如何报复宙斯不忠

She punished Zeus’ lovers blindly in the name of justice.

She punished Zeus’ children and ruthlessly in the name of justice.

She made vengeful yet unstoppable schemes throughout her life.

大题

20. 阿克琉斯主要英雄事迹,结局

Achilles, the Greek hero of legend, was known for his bravery and victories in battle. Born to Peleus and the sea nymph Thetis, he was raised by the centaur Chiron, who honed his combat skills. Achilles played a pivotal role in the Trojan War, fighting alongside the Greeks against the Trojans.

阿喀琉斯,希腊传说中的英雄,因其勇敢和战斗的胜利而闻名。他是由凡人佩勒乌斯和海神女儿忒提斯所生,由半人半马的凯龙抚养,锤炼了他的战斗技巧。阿喀琉斯在特洛伊战争中发挥了关键作用,与希腊人一起对抗特洛伊人。

His most notable achievement was slaying Hector, the Trojan prince, in a fit of rage after his friend Patroclus was killed. Achilles challenged Hector to single combat and emerged victorious, dragging his lifeless body around Troy's walls.

他最著名的成就是在他的朋友帕特洛克洛斯被杀后,因愤怒而杀死了特洛伊王子赫克托尔。阿喀琉斯挑战赫克托尔进行单挑并获胜,将他无生命的身体拖拽在特洛伊城墙周围。

However, Achilles' fate was sealed by a tragic prophecy. It predicted his death in battle, forcing him to choose between a long life of obscurity or a short life of glory. Achilles chose the latter, knowing his name would be remembered.

然而,阿喀琉斯的命运被一条悲剧性的预言所束缚。预言预言他将在战斗中丧生,迫使他在长时间的默默无闻生活和短暂的荣耀生活之间做出选择。阿喀琉斯选择了后者,知道他的名字将被记住。

During the Trojan War, Achilles was struck in the heel, his only vulnerable spot, by a fatal arrow. The wound proved lethal, and he met his end. His death was mourned by Greeks and Trojans alike.

在特洛伊战争期间,阿喀琉斯的脚后跟被一支致命的箭射中,这是他唯一的弱点。伤口证明是致命的,他最终丧生。他的死亡受到希腊人和特洛伊人的哀悼。

Achilles' legacy endures as a symbol of heroism and tragic destiny. His name represents both invincibility and vulnerability. Though his life was cut short, his deeds and courage continue to inspire generations.

阿喀琉斯的遗产作为英勇和悲剧命运的象征而延续至今。他的名字代表着无敌和脆弱。尽管他的生命被截断,但他的事迹和勇气仍然激励着世代人。

阿克琉斯:在特洛伊战争中阿喀琉斯的挚友帕特罗克洛斯不忍见己方士兵死伤惨重,穿上阿喀琉斯的铠甲,假扮成他的模样出战,情势曾一度逆转,最后他却被特洛伊主将赫刻托耳王子所杀,这才激发了阿喀琉斯的战意。为了复仇参战后他作战勇猛无比,最后赫刻托耳也死于阿喀琉斯枪下。最终在阿波罗的指引下,特洛伊王子帕里斯将毒箭射进他的脚踝,因此死去

Achilles: In the Trojan War, Achilles' dear friend Patroclus couldn't bear to see their own soldiers suffer heavy casualties. He put on Achilles' armor and disguised himself as him to join the battle, and the situation momentarily turned around. However, he was eventually killed by Hector, the Trojan prince. This ignited Achilles' fighting spirit for revenge. He fought bravely in the war and ultimately killed Hector with his spear. In the end, guided by Apollo, Paris, the Trojan prince, shot a poisoned arrow into Achilles' ankle, causing his death.

21. 奥德修斯主要英雄事迹,结局

Odysseus, the legendary hero of ancient Greece, is best known for his cunning and resourcefulness. He played a crucial role in the Trojan War and embarked on a long and treacherous journey back to his homeland, Ithaca.

奥德修斯是古希腊的传奇英雄,以他的狡诈和机智而闻名。他在特洛伊战争中扮演了至关重要的角色,然后踏上了一段漫长而危险的回到故乡伊萨卡的旅程。

After the fall of Troy, Odysseus faced numerous challenges on his way home. He encountered the Cyclops, whom he outsmarted by blinding him. He narrowly escaped the enchanting songs of the Sirens by having his crew plug their ears and tie him to the mast. He also navigated past the treacherous whirlpool Charybdis and the deadly sea monster Scylla.

特洛伊陷落后,奥德修斯在回家的路上面临了许多挑战。他遇到了独眼巨人波吕斐摩斯,通过使其失明而智胜。他通过让船员堵住耳朵并将自己绑在桅杆上,险些逃脱了塞壬迷人的歌声。他还成功地穿越了危险的涡流卡吕布迪斯和致命的海怪斯库拉。

Despite being away for twenty years, Odysseus remained determined to return to his home. Upon reaching Ithaca, he disguised himself as a beggar and devised a plan to defeat the suitors who were vying for Penelope's hand in marriage.

尽管离开了二十年(回家用了十年),奥德修斯仍然决心回到他的家。到达伊萨卡后,他伪装成一个乞丐,制定了一个计划来击败那些争夺佩内洛普婚姻的追求者。

With the help of his son, Odysseus revealed his true identity and slaughtered the suitors. He was finally reunited with Penelope, and his kingdom was restored to him.

在儿子和忠诚的帮助下,奥德修斯揭示了自己的真实身份,并屠杀了追求者们。他最终与佩内洛普团聚,王国也重新归他所有。

Odysseus' story is one of resilience, wit, and the longing for home. His journey serves as a metaphor for the trials and tribulations we face in life, and his ultimate triumph represents the rewards of perseverance and determination.

奥德修斯的故事展现了坚韧、机智和对家的渴望。他的旅程象征着我们在生活中所面临的艰难考验,而他最终的胜利则代表了坚持和决心的回报。

奥德修斯:在雅典娜的指引下,策划了木马计,率领希腊士兵在夜间偷袭特洛伊城,里应外合,使之陷落。在战争结束后。经历了在海上了重重困难,最终回到了家乡,与妻子团聚,重夺了王位。

Odysseus: Guided by Athena, he planned the Trojan Horse strategy and led the Greek soldiers to launch a surprise attack on the city of Troy at night, both inside and outside, causing its downfall. After the war ended, he encountered numerous difficulties at sea and eventually returned to his homeland, reunited with his wife, and reclaimed his throne.

22. 特洛伊之战起因后果。

The Trojan War is a legendary conflict in Greek mythology that lasted for ten years. It was triggered by the abduction of Helen, the wife of Menelaus, by Paris, a prince of Troy. The war had far-reaching consequences for both the Greeks and the Trojans.

特洛伊战争是希腊神话中的一场传奇冲突,持续了十年。它起因于特洛伊王子巴黎绑架了梅涅劳斯的妻子海伦。这场战争对希腊人和特洛伊人都产生了深远的影响。

For the Greeks, the war brought together powerful city-states under the leadership of Agamemnon. It showcased the bravery of legendary warriors like Achilles and Odysseus. However, it also revealed the darker aspects of human nature, such as betrayal and tragedy.

对于希腊人来说,这场战争使强大的城邦在阿伽门农的领导下团结起来。它展示了阿喀琉斯和奥德修斯等传奇战士的勇敢。然而,它也揭示了人性的阴暗面,如背叛和悲剧。

The Trojans suffered greatly during the war. Their city was besieged for a decade, resulting in its eventual downfall. The war had lasting effects on Trojan heroes like Hector and Priam, whose stories were marked by tragedy and loss.

特洛伊人在战争中遭受了巨大的破坏和损失。他们的城市被围困了十年,最终被攻破。战争对特洛伊的英雄,如赫克托尔和普里阿摩斯,产生了持久的影响,他们的命运被卷入了这场冲突。

The Trojan War had a profound impact on Greek mythology and literature. It became a central theme in works like Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, exploring concepts of honor, heroism, and the consequences of war.

特洛伊战争对希腊神话和文学产生了深远影响。它成为荷马的《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》等作品的核心主题,探讨了荣耀、英勇和战争后果等概念。

In conclusion, the Trojan War was a significant event in Greek mythology that had profound effects on the Greeks and the Trojans. It shaped the cultural and literary traditions of ancient Greece and continues to be a captivating story in modern times.

总而言之,特洛伊战争是希腊神话中的重要事件,对希腊人和特洛伊人产生了深远影响。它塑造了古希腊的文化和文学传统,并在现代仍然是一个引人入胜的故事。

三女神的金苹果之争,让特洛伊王子帕里斯拐走了斯巴达国王的妻子海伦,引发了希腊诸城邦对特洛伊的联合进攻。

这战争持续了十年,最终在木马计之下陷落,特洛伊城被攻下以及洗劫。

The dispute over the golden apple of the three goddesses led Prince Paris of Troy to abduct Helen, the wife of the King of Sparta, triggering a united attack by the Greek city-states against Troy.

This war lasted for ten years and ultimately ended with the fall and plundering of the city of Troy, under the guise of the Trojan Horse.

PS: 前年的大题是奥德修斯得事迹体现了他的什么英雄本色;还有就是潘多拉打开盒子体现出女性什么特点结合希腊神话说一下

23. 人神关系

希腊神话中的人神关系是一个充满神秘和想象力的主题。在希腊神话中,神与人之间的互动是非常频繁的,而这种互动往往影响着人类的命运和世界的发展。

The theme of the relationship between gods and humans in Greek mythology is one filled with mystery and imagination. In Greek mythology, the interaction between gods and humans is frequent and often influences the fate of humanity and the development of the world.

神在希腊神话中被描绘为超凡脱俗的存在,他们拥有超越人类的力量和智慧。然而,他们也被赋予了与人类相似的情感和欲望。神们常常在人间扮演着各种角色,与人类相遇、相爱、相争。

Gods are depicted as extraordinary beings in Greek mythology, possessing powers and wisdom beyond that of humans. However, they are also endowed with emotions and desires similar to humans. Gods often play various roles in the mortal realm, encountering, loving, and conflicting with humans.

人类对神的崇拜和敬畏贯穿着整个希腊神话。人们会向神祈求保佑,祈求神的庇护和指引。神也会对人类的行为作出回应,有时是帮助,有时是惩罚。这种相互作用使人们相信,神与人之间存在着某种联系和交流。

The worship and awe of gods by humans permeate throughout Greek mythology. People seek blessings from gods, praying for their protection and guidance. Gods, in turn, respond to human actions, sometimes offering help, and at times, delivering punishment. This interaction leads people to believe that there is a connection and communication between gods and humans.

然而,希腊神话中的人神关系并非一成不变。人类不仅仅是神的玩物,他们也有自己的意志和选择。有时,人类甚至能够挑战神的权威,改变自己的命运。这种人类对神的自主性和勇气的追求,使希腊神话中的人神关系更加丰富多样。

However, the relationship between gods and humans in Greek mythology is not static. Humans are not mere playthings of the gods; they possess their own will and choices. At times, humans can even challenge the authority of gods and alter their own destinies. This pursuit of autonomy and courage by humans challenges the notion of the divine in Greek mythology, making the relationship between gods and humans more diverse and complex.

总的来说,希腊神话中的人神关系是一个充满戏剧性和启示的主题。它揭示了人类对神的崇拜和渴望,也展示了人类对自由意志和命运的探索。希腊神话中的人神关系不仅仅是一个古老的神话,它也反映了人类对于自身与神的关系的思考和追求。

In summary, the relationship between gods and humans in Greek mythology is a theme filled with drama and enlightenment. It reveals humanity's worship and longing for the divine while showcasing their exploration of free will and destiny. The relationship between gods and humans in Greek mythology is not just an ancient myth; it also reflects humanity's contemplation and pursuit of their own relationship with the divine.

24. 潘多拉盒放出的Hope代表什么

潘多拉的盒子的主题和希望的释放代表了在逆境中乐观和坚韧的持久力。在希腊神话中,潘多拉得到了一个盒子,里面装着世界上的所有邪恶,并被告诫不要打开。然而,她的好奇心战胜了她,她打开了盒子,释放出了所有的邪恶。作为最后一个离开盒子的东西,希望出现了,给人类带来了安慰和慰藉。

The theme of Pandora's Box and the release of Hope represents the enduring power of optimism and resilience in the face of adversity. In Greek mythology, Pandora was given a box containing all the evils of the world and was warned not to open it. However, her curiosity got the better of her, and she opened the box, releasing all the evils into the world. As the last thing to leave the box, Hope emerged, bringing comfort and solace to humanity.

希望代表着即使在最黑暗的时刻,也有一丝光明和积极变化的可能性。它象征着人类精神的坚韧和在面对挑战时寻找力量和勇气的能力。希望激励人们坚持不懈,为更美好的未来而努力,并相信救赎和重生的可能性。

Hope represents the belief that even in the darkest of times, there is a glimmer of light and the potential for positive change. It symbolizes the resilience of the human spirit and the ability to find strength and courage in the face of challenges. Hope inspires people to persevere, to keep striving for a better future, and to believe in the possibility of redemption and renewal.

潘多拉的盒子作为一个警示故事,提醒我们行为的后果。它教导我们好奇心既可以产生积极的结果,也可以产生负面的后果,但它也强调了希望的转化力量。尽管邪恶被释放出来,希望依然存在,提醒我们即使在最严峻的环境中,总有一个更美好的明天的机会。

Pandora's Box serves as a cautionary tale, reminding us of the consequences of our actions. It teaches us that curiosity can have both positive and negative outcomes, but it also highlights the transformative power of Hope. Despite the evils that were unleashed, Hope remained, reminding us that even in the most dire circumstances, there is always a chance for a brighter tomorrow.

总之,潘多拉的盒子的主题和希望的释放象征着不可征服的人类精神和对更美好未来的信念。它教导我们在逆境中坚韧和乐观的重要性,提醒我们即使在最黑暗的时刻,希望可以引导我们走向更光明的明天。

In summary, the theme of Pandora's Box and the release of Hope symbolizes the indomitable human spirit and the belief in a better future. It teaches us the importance of resilience and optimism in the face of adversity, reminding us that even in the darkest times, Hope can guide us towards a brighter tomorrow.

25. 潘多拉有错吗,会不会责怪她

潘多拉的故事中,她被赋予了一个盒子,里面装满了世界上的邪恶。尽管她被告诫不要打开盒子,但她的好奇心使她无法抵挡诱惑,最终打开了盒子,释放了邪恶。然而,我们是否应该责怪潘多拉呢?

In the story of Pandora, she was given a box filled with the world's evils. Despite being warned not to open it, her curiosity got the better of her, and she ultimately opened the box, releasing the evils. But should we blame Pandora?

责怪潘多拉似乎是一种直觉反应,因为她的行为导致了灾难的发生。然而,我们也必须认识到,潘多拉是一个人类,她也有自己的弱点和错误。她的好奇心和冲动性使她违背了警告,但这并不意味着她应该承担所有的责任。

Blaming Pandora may seem like an instinctive response, as her actions led to the disaster. However, we must also recognize that Pandora was human, with her own weaknesses and flaws. Her curiosity and impulsiveness led her to defy the warning, but that doesn't mean she should bear all the responsibility.

潘多拉的故事也可以被视为人性的象征。她的行为提醒我们,人类往往会受到诱惑和错误的引导。我们每个人都有犯错的时候,但这并不意味着我们应该被永远责怪或定罪。相反,我们应该从错误中学习,成长并改正自己的行为。

The story of Pandora can also be seen as a symbol of human nature. Her actions serve as a reminder that humans are often tempted and led astray by mistakes. We all make mistakes, but that doesn't mean we should be forever blamed or condemned. Instead, we should learn from our mistakes, grow, and correct our behavior.

责怪潘多拉并不解决问题,因为她的行为已经发生了,后悔也无法改变过去。相反,我们应该把焦点放在如何应对后果和恢复的道路上。我们可以从中学到许多重要的教训,例如控制自己的冲动、尊重警告和承担自己的行为后果。

Blaming Pandora doesn't solve the problem because her actions have already occurred, and regret cannot change the past. Instead, we should focus on how to deal with the consequences and the path to recovery. We can learn many important lessons from this, such as controlling our impulses, respecting warnings, and taking responsibility for our actions.

因此,尽管潘多拉的行为可能会引发灾难,但我们不应该完全责怪她。相反,我们应该利用这个故事来反思自己的行为,并努力避免重复类似的错误。我们每个人都有责任为自己的行为负责,并从中汲取教训,以成为更好的人。

Therefore, while Pandora's actions may have caused a disaster, we should not solely blame her. Instead, we should use this story as a reflection of our own behavior and strive to avoid repeating similar mistakes. We each have a responsibility to be accountable for our actions and learn from them to become better individuals.

26. 慕课大题

Please use at least one example to illustrate how theory explains your chosen myth(s).

There are a lot of brand names from Greek mythology. Some are mentioned in the lecture. Please find more examples in our life and share the stories behind them in this forum.

There are certain modern significances in each of the three main gods. How would you apply these ideas to understand current cultural phenomenon?

Please share your understanding of one of the major goddesses.

What qualities do all heroes in Greek mythology have? In what way do heroes in Chinese mythology differ from heroes in Greek mythology?

What are the similarities and differences between the dragons in Greek mythology and Chinese mythology?

“后羿射日”is another story about fire in Chinese myths. What does this story tell us about human-nature relationship? Does it challenge any of the claims in the lecture? What does the challenge caution us about interpreting a story or a text?

1. What is the image of God as the creator in the Bible? How is it different from the other creation stories, such as the Greek myth and Chinese myth?

2. What is the original sin? If God didn’t want people to eat the fruit from the tree of knowledge, he might not place it in the Garden of Eden, then nothing would happen. But God did place the tree in Eden. Why did he do so?

Discuss in your own words how flood contributed to the different themes in these two flood stories.

Mooc

Unit 1

Mythology is a collect of stories. It can also refer to the study of stories.

  • A.True

All theories that study nature fall into externalistic theories.

  • A.True

Etiological theory, ritual theory, charter theory, and nature myth theory are externalistic theories.

因果论、仪式论、特权论和自然神话论是外在主义理论。

  • A.True

Freudian theory offers a valid explanation of the tragedies in Oedipus.

弗洛伊德的理论对于奥狄浦斯的悲剧提供了一个有效的解释。

  • A.True

The story of Daedalus and his son Icarus manifests the universal human desires to explore the unknown.

达达罗斯和他的儿子伊卡洛斯的故事展现了人类探索未知的普遍愿望。

  • A.True

Structuralism juxtaposes opposites side by side but only focuses on one of them.

结构主义将对立的事物并置在一起,但只关注其中的一个。

  • A.True

Archetype is a stereotype after which other similar things of the same character, situations, or events are patterned.

原型是一种模式,其他相似的事物、情境或事件都以此为蓝本。

  • B.False

应该是 from -- "Archetype"是一个模式,其他相似的事物会按照它的模式来塑造。"

Unit 2

Which of the following is/are regarded as the major resources of Greek mythology?

  • A.Illiad
  • B.Theogony
  • C.Odyssey
  • D.All of them

希腊神话的主要资源包括以下哪些?

● A. 《伊利亚特》

● B. 《神谱》

● C. 《奥德赛》

● D. 全部

Who are NOT the children of Gaea and Uranus?

  • A.Titans(泰坦巨人)
  • B.Olympians(奥林匹斯神)
  • C.Cyclopes(独眼巨人)
  • D.Hecatonchiree(一百手五十头巨人)

Where are Cyclopes and Hecatonchires imprisoned?

  • A.Mount Olympus
  • B.River Styx
  • C.Tartarus
  • D.Heaven

巨人独眼怪和百臂巨人被囚禁在哪里?

● A.奥林匹斯山

● B.冥河斯堤克斯河

● C.塔耳塔洛斯

● D.天堂

Who is the father of Zeus?

  • A.Uranus
  • B.Hades
  • C.Poseidon
  • D.Cronus

Unit 3

Who is the Supreme god of the heaven and earth in Greek myths?

  • A.Zeus
  • B.Prometheus
  • C.Apollo
  • D.Hades

Unit 4

Which is NOT true about Trojan War?

  • A.It all started with the golden apple thrown at a wedding banquet table, which was said to belong to “the fairest one”.
  • B.Paris, the prince of Troy, was the judge to decide to which goddess the golden apple belonged.
  • C.Aphrodite gave Helen, the fairest woman on the earth, as Paris’ wife and helped Helen travel to Troy with Paris and become Helen of Troy.
  • D.The war lasted for 20 years and consumed thousands of lives.

The war lasted for 10 years and consumed thousands of lives.

Unit 5

Which of the following is Not True about heroes in Greek mythology?

  • A.Both of their parental lineage has divine blood.
  • 他们双方的父系血统都有神圣的血脉。
  • B.They are capable of great exploits.
  • C.They all come home changed or transformed.
  • D.They all have been assisted by some mentors in one way or another.

According to Joseph Campbell, all heroes have to undergo ( ) stages to be upgraded.

  • A.5
  • B.8
  • C.12
  • D.19

For how many years was Odysseus away from home?

  • A.5
  • B.8
  • C.10
  • D.20

Unit6

Automatons are Creatures made out of metal for re-animating specific tasks by Hephaestus.

自动机是由赫菲斯托斯制造的金属生物,用于重新激活特定任务。

  • B.False

Zeus sent his messenger Hermes to slay a hundred-eyed giant Argos.

  • A.True

The Nemean lion was killed by Heracles.

  • A.True

Unit 7

easy

标题带星号的不是希腊神话的,不在考试范围内,不用理

Unit 8*


Testament means “book”. Therefore, the Old Testament means the old book.

  • B.False

尽管"testament"在某些语境下可以表示"书",但在这里,"Testament"是指《圣经》中的两部分:旧约和新约。"Old Testament"指的是《圣经》中的旧约部分,而不是指"old book"(旧书)

It can be almost generalized to say that the Old Testament focuses on one nation, and the New Testament is mainly about one person, Jesus.

  • A.True


Christianity has three major denominations. They are Protestantism, Catholicism, and Eastern Orthodoxy.

基督教有三个主要的教派,它们分别是新教、天主教东正教

  • A.True

Pentateuch includes Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy.

五经包括创世记、出埃及记、利未记、民数记和申命记。

  • A.True

Unit 9*

easy

Unit 10*

Which of the following is NOT TRUE?

  • A.God decided to give a lesson to Noah's descendants.
  • 上帝决定给挪亚的后代上一课。
  • B.God commanded Noah to build an ark.
  • C.Seven pairs of every kind of animal and birds boarded the ark.
  • D.All human beings who repopulated the earth were believed to have descended from Noah.

Which of the following is NOT TRUE about Noah?

  • A.Noah was a descendant of Abraham.
  • B.Noah was chosen to survive the Great Flood.
  • C.Noah and his family boarded the ark.
  • D.Noah dedicated the ark to God, therefore, got saved from the flood.

Unit 11*

The Tower of Babel is a story from ( )?

  • A.Greek mythology
  • B.Old Testament
  • C.New Testament
  • D.Aesop Fables

Which of the following events did happen last?

  • A.God’s creation
  • B.Great flood
  • C.The Tower of Babel
  • D.The Birth of Jesus

Unit 12*

The Exodus is the founding myth of the Israelites.

《出埃及记》以色列人建国的神话。

  • A.True
  • B.False

God revealed himself to Abraham and made the only covenant in the Bible with him, in which God announced to Abraham that his descendants would eventually inherit the Land of Israel.

上帝向亚伯拉罕显现,并与他达成了《圣经》中唯一的约定,上帝向亚伯拉罕宣布他的后裔最终将继承以色列之地。

  • A.True
  • B.False

根据圣经记载,上帝向亚伯拉罕显现并与他达成了圣约,但并没有明确告知亚伯拉罕他的后裔将来会继承以色列之地。后来,上帝与亚伯拉罕的后裔以撒、雅各和他们的后代,即以色列人民,达成了关于以色列之地的约定。

The desperate Pharaoh then commanded that all Hebrew infant daughters be drowned in the Nile.

绝望的法老随后下令将所有希伯来人的女婴投入尼罗河中。

  • A.True
  • B.False

根据《出埃及记》的记载,埃及法老下令将所有希伯来人的男婴投入尼罗河中溺死,而不是女婴。这是因为法老担心希伯来人口增多,可能对埃及构成威胁。然而,摩西的母亲将他藏起来,并将他放置在尼罗河边,被法老的女儿发现并收养。

Pharaoh refused to let the Israelites leave to worship their God, so God sent an angel of death over the land of Egypt with other nine plagues.

法老拒绝让以色列人离开去敬拜他们的上帝,所以上帝派遣了一位死亡天使降临埃及,带来了其他九灾。

  • A.True
  • B.False

God used Moses to part the Red Sea so that the Israelites and Egyptian soldiers could pass through.

根据圣经记载,上帝使用摩西分开红海,使以色列人和埃及士兵得以通过。

  • A.True
  • B.False

在《出埃及记》中,当以色列人逃离埃及时,埃及法老改变主意,派兵追击他们。当以色列人被追至红海边时,摩西举起手杖,上帝使红海分开,形成一条干地供以色列人穿越。当以色列人安全通过后,摩西再次举起手杖,红海恢复原状,淹没了追击的埃及士兵。

Unit 13*

According to the Hebrew Bible, God asked his servant ( ) to deliver to people of Israel the Ten Commandments on Mount Sinai in the third month after their Exodus from Egypt.

根据希伯来圣经记载,上帝要求他的仆人( )在以色列人从埃及出埃及后的第三个月,在西奈山上将十诫传达给以色列人。

  • A.Jesus
  • B.Joshua
  • C.Moses
  • D.Jehovah

Which of the following statements are not included in the Ten Commandments?

  • A.Honor your father and your mother.
  • B.Do not lie.
  • C.Do not commit adultery.
  • D.Do not steal.

How many commandments moral prescriptions and dictate human behavior are there in the Ten Commandments?

《十诫》中有多少条道德规范和规定人类行为的诫命

  • A.4
  • B.8
  • C.6
  • D.2

The Ten Commandments, as found in the Bible (Exodus 20:1-17), include the following statements:

(有关宗教)

  1. You shall have no other gods before me.不可有别的神
  2. You shall not make for yourself an idol or worship any other gods.不可为自己雕刻偶像,也不可崇拜任何别的神
  3. You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain.不可妄称耶和华的名
  4. Remember the Sabbath day and keep it holy.要守安息日,使其成为圣日

(有关道德)

  1. Honor your father and mother.要孝敬父母
  2. You shall not murder.不可杀人
  3. You shall not commit adultery.不可奸淫
  4. You shall not steal.不可偷窃
  5. You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor.不可作假见证陷害人
  6. You shall not covet anything that belongs to your neighbor.不可贪恋别人的财物

Which of the following commandments sets into motion the most revolutionary idea in human history – monotheism?

  • A.I am the LORD your God.
  • B.You shall not have any other Gods before me.
  • C.You shall not make wrongful use of the name of your God.
  • D.Remember the Sabbath.

哪一条戒律引发了人类历史上最具革命性的思想——一神论?

A. 我是你们的上帝。

B. 在我之前,你们不可有别的神。

C. 不可妄用你们上帝的名字。

D. 记住安息日。

Which of the following commandments summarizes the other nine?

  • A.Honor your father and your mother.
  • B.Do not murder.
  • C.Do not commit adultery.
  • D.Do not steal.

Unit 14*

Where can we find Jesus parables?

  • A.In most Gospels
  • B.In Bible
  • C.In New Testament
  • D.All of the above

Parables represent a main part of ( )?

  • A.God’s words
  • B.Jesus’ teachings
  • C.Ten Commandments
  • D.Abraham’s Covenant

Who think highly of parables?

  • A.Christians
  • B.Jews
  • C.Moslems
  • D.Atheists

Which of the following stories is not a parable?

  • A.The Lost Son
  • B.The Lost Sheep
  • C.The Discord of an Apple
  • D.The Good Samaritan
  • E.The Last Supper.
  • F.Noah’s Ark.
  • G.The Story of Job.

What is NOT the theme of parables?

  • A.Revenge
  • B.Lost
  • C.Searching

Unit 15*

What’s the meaning of the name “Jesus”?

  • A.salvation
  • B.anointed
  • C.faith
  • D.blessing

“Jesus”这个名字的意思是什么?

A. 救赎

B. 受膏者

C. 信仰

D. 祝福

What are the three gifts presented by the Magi?

  • A.gold, frankincense, and tea
  • B.diamond, frankincense, and myrrh
  • C.diamond, tea, and myrrh
  • D.gold, frankincense, and myrrh

马吉三个礼物分别是:

● A.黄金、乳香和茶

● B.钻石、乳香和没药

● C.钻石、茶和没药

D.黄金、乳香和没药

When is the crucifixion of Jesus Christ?

n. <史>钉死于十字架 / 刑罚 / 苦难

  • A.On Thursday
  • B.On Friday
  • C.On Saturday
  • D.On Sunday

Final Test

Which of the following is NOT the source of Greek mythology?

  • A.The works of Homer.
  • B.The plays of Aeschylus.
  • C.The works of Hesiod.
  • D.The plays of Shakespeare.

古希腊三大悲剧作家分别是古希腊时期的埃斯库罗斯、索福克勒斯和欧里庇得斯。

埃斯库罗斯的《被缚的普罗米修斯》、索福克勒斯的《俄狄浦斯王》和欧里庇得斯的《美狄亚》,则被称为“三大悲剧”。

The three major tragic playwrights of ancient Greece were Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. Aeschylus' "Prometheus Bound," Sophocles' "Oedipus Rex," and Euripides' "Medea" are known as the "three great tragedies."

The first five books in the Bible are also known as( ).

  • A.Genesis 创世记
  • B.Exodus 出埃及记
  • C.Quran 古兰经
  • D.Pentateuch 摩西五经

Who was appointed by God to deliver Israelites from their slavery life in Egypt?

  • A.Abraham.
  • B.Jacob.
  • C.Moses.
  • D.Jesus.

Who came up with the famous idea of the Trojan Horse?

  • A.Achilles.
  • B.Paris.
  • C.Agamemnon.
  • D.Odysseus.

All of the following statements about Apollo and Dionysus are true EXCEPT( ).

  • A.They were both fathered by Zeus.
  • B.They both had their ruthless side.
  • C.They were both known for their unfulfilled love.
  • D.Prophecy was Apollo’s domain while wine was what Dionysus was in charge of.

On which festival did Jesus and his disciples have the last supper?

  • A.Christmas.
  • B.Sabbath.
  • C.Passover.
  • D.Easter.

Adam and Eve, the great flood, Tower of Babel, Abraham, Jacob and his brothers, and Moses all come from the Old Testament.

正确答案是 正确 , 你答对了

雨课堂

特洛伊战争

Agamemnon是古希腊神话中的一个英雄,他是远征特洛伊的希腊联军的统帅,也是米锡尼王国的国王

Menelaus是希腊神话中的一个英雄,他是斯巴达国王,也是海伦的丈夫。他是特洛伊战争中的一位重要人物。

Ajax是希腊神话中的一个英雄,他是特洛伊战争中的希腊勇士之一。他以勇猛善战而闻名,是希腊联军中的重要角色。

Patroclus是希腊神话中的一个英雄,他是阿喀琉斯的密友和战友。在特洛伊战争中,他为了保护希腊联军而战死,这也成为了阿喀琉斯复仇的导火索。

Thetis是希腊神话中的一位女神,她是海神尼普顿的女儿,也是阿喀琉斯的母亲。她在特洛伊战争中起到了重要的角色,为阿喀琉斯提供支持和保护。

Ares古希腊神话中的战神,是战争和冲突的象征。在神话中扮演重要角色。是 Aphrodite 的情人

Apollo 是古希腊神话中的一位神祇,他是太阳神,也是音乐、诗歌和医药的守护神。他在神话中具有重要地位。

Leto是希腊神话中的一位女神,她是宙斯的情妇,阿波罗和阿尔忒弥斯的母亲。她在神话中有着重要的地位,被认为是一个有着神秘力量的女神。

视频及其他资料

特洛伊战争

https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Cf4y1t72Y/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click&vd_source=4529913b1e6be20def1687e15faaf1d6

https://www.bilibili.com/video/av846051055/?vd_source=58b0a3a9d34669480a659658887a9a4a

奥德赛

https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Er4y1m7z1/?spm_id_from=333.788&vd_source=4529913b1e6be20def1687e15faaf1d6

部分人物关系

https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/516918221

人物介绍

https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ZT4y1L7PA/?buvid=XY8ECBA8BC96F2BF4E62C6356B6CCA6896BB9&from_spmid=playlist.playlist-detail.0.0&is_story_h5=false&mid=7M4cbIgjqnpQAiEZ1q3bPA%3D%3D&p=1&plat_id=116&share_from=ugc&share_medium=android&share_plat=android&share_session_id=d4e86db1-cc15-47af-903e-551b8a2ce510&share_source=WEIXIN&share_tag=s_i&spmid=united.player-video-detail.0.0&timestamp=1701057181&unique_k=s7SujdS&up_id=20429552&vd_source=58b0a3a9d34669480a659658887a9a4a

https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1bb4y1Z7Tt/?is_story_h5=false&p=3&share_from=ugc&share_medium=android&share_plat=android&share_session_id=3dde7770-951c-45fc-8ece-c68422111899&share_source=WEIXIN_MONMENT&share_tag=s_i&timestamp=1671623300&unique_k=Do1wOaf&wxfid=o7omF0bLy37H7IM-2zqK_gulP_1M&share_times=1&vd_source=58b0a3a9d34669480a659658887a9a4a

版权声明:
作者:Zhang, Hongxing
链接:http://zhx.info/archives/292
来源:张鸿兴的学习历程
文章版权归作者所有,未经允许请勿转载。

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